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第四章 Spring-MVC初体验

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第四章 Spring-MVC初体验

接下来我们将利用Spring-MVC构建一个简单的web应用

1. 首先，我们通过Maven来构建一个web应用的工程

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Maven构建工程命令：
	mvn archetype:generate -DgroupId=imooc-arthur -DartifactId=spring-mvc-study -DarchetypeArtifactId=maven-archetype-webapp

2. 配置Maven编译工程所依赖的工程或者文件pom.xml

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pom.xml
    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
	<groupId>xxxx</groupId>
	<artifactId>spring-mvc-study</artifactId>
	<version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

	<properties>
		<commons-lang.version>2.6</commons-lang.version>
		<slf4j.version>1.7.6</slf4j.version>
		<spring.version>4.1.3.RELEASE</spring.version>
        <jackson.version>2.5.4</jackson.version>
	</properties>


	<dependencyManagement>
		<dependencies>
			<dependency>
				<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
				<artifactId>spring-framework-bom</artifactId>
				<version>${spring.version}</version>
				<type>pom</type>
				<scope>import</scope>
			</dependency>
		</dependencies>
	</dependencyManagement>

	<dependencies>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>commons-lang</groupId>
			<artifactId>commons-lang</artifactId>
			<version>${commons-lang.version}</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
			<artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
			<version>${slf4j.version}</version>
			<exclusions>
				<exclusion>
					<artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
					<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
				</exclusion>
			</exclusions>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
			<artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
			<version>${slf4j.version}</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
			<artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
			<version>2.5</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
			<artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
			<version>1.3.1</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
			<artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
			<version>${jackson.version}</version>
		</dependency>
	</dependencies>

	<build>
		<plugins>
			<plugin>
				<groupId>org.eclipse.jetty</groupId>
				<artifactId>jetty-maven-plugin</artifactId>
				<version>9.2.2.v20140723</version>
			</plugin>
		</plugins>
	</build>

	<packaging>war</packaging>
    </project>

3. 在Maven创建的工程中web.xml文件中增加spring-mvc

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web.xml
	<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
	<web-app version="2.4" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee 
	http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd">
  		<display-name>Spring MVC Study</display-name>
  		<!-- Spring应用上下文， 理解层次化的ApplicationContext -->
  		<context-param>
 			<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
			<param-value>/WEB-INF/configs/spring/applicationContext*.xml</param-value>
  		</context-param>
  
  		<listener>
			<listener-class>
				org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener
			</listener-class>
  		</listener>
  
  		<!-- DispatcherServlet, Spring MVC的核心 -->
  		<servlet>
			<servlet-name>mvc-dispatcher</servlet-name>
			<servlet-class> org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
			<!-- DispatcherServlet对应的上下文配置， 默认为/WEB-INF/$servlet-name$-servlet.xml-->
			<init-param>
          		<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
          		<param-value>/WEB-INF/configs/spring/mvc-dispatcher-servlet.xml</param-value>
        	</init-param>
			<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
		</servlet>
		<servlet-mapping>
			<servlet-name>mvc-dispatcher</servlet-name>
	    	<!-- mvc-dispatcher拦截所有的请求-->
			<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
		</servlet-mapping>
	</web-app>

4. 接下来开始完成Spring-MVC框架中的的 M,V,C各个模块的代码【在这里只展示C部分的代码和相关配置文件，其它部分详见工程代码展示】

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CourseController.java
	@Controller
	@RequestMapping("/courses")
	// /courses/**
	public class CourseController {
	
		private static Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(CourseController.class);
		private CourseService courseService;

		@Autowired
		public void setCourseService(CourseService courseService) {
			this.courseService = courseService;
		}
	
		//本方法将处理 /courses/view?courseId=123 形式的URL
		@RequestMapping(value="/view", method=RequestMethod.GET)
		public String viewCourse(@RequestParam("courseId") Integer courseId,
			Model model) {
		
			log.debug("In viewCourse, courseId = {}", courseId);
			Course course = courseService.getCoursebyId(courseId);
			model.addAttribute(course);
			return "course_overview";
		}
	
		//本方法将处理 /courses/view2/123 形式的URL
		@RequestMapping("/view2/{courseId}")
		public String viewCourse2(@PathVariable("courseId") Integer courseId,
			Map<String, Object> model) {
		
			log.debug("In viewCourse2, courseId = {}", courseId);
			Course course = courseService.getCoursebyId(courseId);
			model.put("course",course);
			return "course_overview";
		}

		//本方法将处理 /courses/view3?courseId=123 形式的URL
		@RequestMapping("/view3")
		public String viewCourse3(HttpServletRequest request) {
		
			Integer courseId = Integer.valueOf(request.getParameter("courseId"));		
			Course course = courseService.getCoursebyId(courseId);
			request.setAttribute("course",course);
			return "course_overview";
		}
	
		@RequestMapping(value="/admin", method = RequestMethod.GET, params = "add")
		public String createCourse(){
			return "course_admin/edit";
		}
		
		@RequestMapping(value="/save", method = RequestMethod.POST)
		public String  doSave(@ModelAttribute Course course){		
			
			log.debug("Info of Course:");
			log.debug(ReflectionToStringBuilder.toString(course));
			
			//在此进行业务操作，比如数据库持久化
			course.setCourseId(123);
			return "redirect:view2/"+course.getCourseId();
		}
	}

5. mvc-dispatcher-servlet.xml文件的配置

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mvc-dispatcher-servlet.xml

<!-- 本配置文件是工名为mvc-dispatcher的DispatcherServlet使用， 提供其相关的Spring MVC配置 -->

	<!-- 启用Spring基于annotation的DI, 使用户可以在Spring MVC中使用Spring的强大功能。 激活 @Required 
		@Autowired,JSR 250's @PostConstruct, @PreDestroy and @Resource 等标注 -->
	<context:annotation-config />

	<!-- DispatcherServlet上下文， 只管理@Controller类型的bean， 忽略其他型的bean, 如@Service -->
	<context:component-scan base-package="com.imooc.mvcdemo">
		<context:include-filter type="annotation"
			expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller" />
	</context:component-scan>

	<!-- HandlerMapping, 无需配置， Spring MVC可以默认启动。 DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping 
		annotation-driven HandlerMapping -->

	<!-- 扩充了注解驱动，可以将请求参数绑定到控制器参数 -->
	<mvc:annotation-driven />

	<!-- 静态资源处理， css， js， imgs -->
	<mvc:resources mapping="/resources/**" location="/resources/" />


	<!-- 配置ViewResolver。 可以用多个ViewResolver。 使用order属性排序。 InternalResourceViewResolver放在最后。 -->
	<bean
		class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.ContentNegotiatingViewResolver">
		<property name="order" value="1" />
		<property name="mediaTypes">
			<map>
				<entry key="json" value="application/json" />
				<entry key="xml" value="application/xml" />
				<entry key="htm" value="text/html" />
			</map>
		</property>

		<property name="defaultViews">
			<list>
				<!-- JSON View -->
				<bean
					class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.json.MappingJackson2JsonView">
				</bean>
			</list>
		</property>
		<property name="ignoreAcceptHeader" value="true" />
	</bean>

	<bean
		class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
		<property name="viewClass"
			value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView" />
		<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsps/" />
		<property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
	</bean>


	<!--200*1024*1024即200M resolveLazily属性启用是为了推迟文件解析，以便捕获文件大小异常 -->
	<bean id="multipartResolver"
		class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver">
		<property name="maxUploadSize" value="209715200" />
		<property name="defaultEncoding" value="UTF-8" />
		<property name="resolveLazily" value="true" />
	</bean>

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